The Role of Robotic-Assisted Surgery in Orthopedic Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

Robotic-assisted surgery has emerged as an important innovation in orthopedic practice, offering millimeter-level operative accuracy, enhanced reproducibility, and the potential for improved clinical outcomes. Its applications span joint replacement, spine surgery, trauma fixation, and expanding areas such as oncology and complex reconstructions. Evidence demonstrates superior implant alignment, reduced radiation exposure, and improved perioperative outcomes compared to conventional techniques; however, the long-term functional benefits and cost-effectiveness remain debated. Recent advances, including artificial intelligence, optical navigation, haptic technology, and augmented reality, are expanding the scope and accuracy of robotic platforms. Despite promising outcomes, challenges such as high costs, steep learning curves, and limited accessibility persist, hindering widespread adoption. Future integration of AI-driven decision support, real-time imaging, and more autonomous tactile systems is expected to further personalize and refine orthopedic care. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current applications, technological innovations, limitations, and future directions of robotic-assisted orthopedic surgery.