Volatile Organic Compounds of Marine Sponge Petrosia ficiformis from the Adriatic Sea

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Petrosia ficiformis were investigated for the first time. The VOCs from fresh and air-dried sponge were obtained by hydrodistillation and headspace-solid phase microextraction and they were analysed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aliphatic compounds with octan-3-one (up to 24.02 %), oct-1-en-3-ol (up to 8.65 %) and heptadecane (up to 39.37 %) were the most abundant in the fresh sponge along with benzaldehyde (up to 18.59 %) and diisobutyl phthalate (up to 8.44 %). Higher percentage of N,N-dimethylmethanamine (up to 19.08 %) was found in dried sample headspace and the loss of octan-3-one and benzaldehyde and increase of benzyl alcohol (up to 18.90 %) were noted. The great difference among the fresh and dried sponge VOCs obtained by hydrodistillation was noticed for fatty acids and derivatives abundance and 1H-indole increased (up to 6.00 %) in the dried sponge. Both methods enabled obtaining more complete VOCs profile and drying significantly changed their composition.