Profile of the complementary and alternative medicine workforce across Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States and United Kingdom

Abstract

Background: Despite the expressed demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) services in developed countries, little is known about the CAM workforce in terms of supply and composition. Objective: To describe the CAM workforce across five developed countries to better inform health workforce and health services planning, and perchance, inform debate on future public health and primary care policy. Methods: Data from the Australian, New Zealand, Canadian, UK and US Censuses of population were interrogated for information pertaining to the size and characteristics of the CAM workforce. This was supplemented by other population-level workforce data where available. Results: The quality and availability of population-level data on the CAM workforce vary substantially across nations. Of the nine CAM disciplines explored, massage therapy consistently comprised the largest portion of the CAM workforce, followed closely by chiropractic. Disciplines in shortest supply were homoeopathy in Australia, traditional Chinese medicine in New Zealand, and naturopathy in the US. Across the broader CAM workforce, practitioners were typically female, aged ≥40 years, worked within a primary care setting, held a vocational or higher education level qualification, worked full-time, and earned