Lower heart rate in the early postoperative period does not correlate with long-term outcomes after repair of type A acute aortic dissection

Abstract

Little evidence exists regarding the need for a reduction in postoperative heart rate after repair of type A acute aortic dissection. This single-center retrospective study was conducted to determine if lower heart rate during the early postoperative phase is associated with improved long-term outcomes after surgery for patients with type A acute aortic dissection. We reviewed 434 patients who underwent aortic repair between 1990 and 2011. Based on the average heart rate on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7, 434 patients were divided into four groups, less than 70, 70–79, 80–89, and greater than 90 beats per minute. The mean age was 63.3 ± 12.1 years. During a median follow-up of 52 months (range 16–102), 10-year survival in all groups was 67 %, and the 10-year aortic event-free rate was 79 %. The probability of survival and being aortic event-free using Kaplan–Meier estimates reveal that there is no significant difference when stratified by heart rate. Cox proportional regression analysis for 10-year mortality shows that significant predictors of mortality are age [Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.04; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.06; p = 0.001] and perioperative stroke (HR 2.30; 95 % CI 1.18–4.50; p = 0.024). Neither stratified heart rate around the time of surgery nor beta-blocker use at the time of discharge was significant. There is no association between stratified heart rate in the perioperative period with long-term outcomes after repair of type A acute aortic dissection. These findings need clarification with further clinical trials.