PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SIMPLISIA PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb)

Abstract

ABSTRAK Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb.) adalah tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang statusnya langka, dan teknologi budidayanya belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian pengaruh pemupukan terhadap produksi dan mutu simplisia purwoceng telah dilakukan tahun 2004-2005 di Desa Sikunang, Dieng, Jawa Tengah. Perlakuan pemupukannya adalah: (1) kontrol (tidak dipupuk); (2) 9,6 kg pupuk kandang (pk); (3) 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 72 g KCl; (7) 9,6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok diulang 4 kali dengan ukuran petak 2,4 m 2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk lengkap 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak dan pemupukan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak dapat meningkatkan produksi dan mutu simplisia purwoceng. Dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak dipupuk, produksi simplisia meningkat 40%, kadar stigmasterol di akar meningkat 11 – 14 kali. Akar tanaman purwoceng yang tidak dipupuk tidak mengandung sitosterol, tetapi setelah dipupuk mengandung sitosterol sebanyak 16,17 – 17,11 ppm. Tajuk tanaman tidak mengandung bergapten apabila tidak dipupuk, tetapi setelah dipupuk mengandung bergapten 4,92 – 5,56 ppm. Produksi dan mutu simplisia perlakuan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak. Ini diduga karena kandungan bahan organik tanah cukup tinggi, sehingga penambahan 96 kg/petak pupuk kandang tidak berpengaruh nyata. Untuk menghasilkan simplisia kering purwoceng secara optimal 8,41 g/tanaman (6,98 kwt/ha) dan bermutu tinggi, diperlukan serapan hara N, P dan K pada jaringan tanaman masing-masing berturut-turut sebanyak 283 mg N; 55 mg P; dan 356 mg K/tanaman atau setara dengan 23,50 kg N; 6,30 kg P; dan 38,90 kg K/ha. Kata kunci: Purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb, pemupukan, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa Tengah ABSTRACT Effect of fertilizer application on production and quality of Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb) is an Indonesian indigenous medicinal plant. Purwoceng is classified as an endangered species, and its cultivation technology has not been devoleped. The objective of the research was to find out the effect of fertilizer application on the production and quality of purwoceng simplisia. The research was conducted in Sikunang, Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java from 2004 until 2005. The treatments of fertilizer application on 2.4 m 2  were (1) control (without fertilizer); (2) 9.6 kg dung manure (dm); (3) 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5) 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 96 kg pk + 9.6 g urea + 72 g KCl; (7) 9.6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. The experiment was designed in randomized block designed with four replications. The result of the research showed that the treatments of 9.6 kg dm + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 and 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 increased the simplisia production and quality compared with control. The simplisia production increased up to 40% and the stigma sterol content in the roots increased up to 11 – 14 times. The content of sitosterol in the plants with fertilizer application was 6.7 – 17.11 ppm but in the plants without fertilizer application was zero. The content of bergapten in shoot part of plant with fertilizer application was 4.92 – 5.56 ppm, but in the shoot part without fertilizer application was zeros. The production and quality of simplisia with the fertilizer application of 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 were not significantly different from those with fertilizer application of 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 . It happened probably because the organic soil content was high, so that the application of 40 ton/ha of dung manure did not give any effect. Furthermore, to increase the optimum production of purwoceng simplisia (6.98 kwt/ha) with high quality it needs 283 mg N, 55 mg P dan 356 mg K/plant or 23.50 kg N, 6.30 kg P, and 38.90 K/ha. Key words : Purwoceng,  Pimpinella  pruatjan  Molkenb,  fertilizer application, growth, production, quality, Central Java