Long-term Outcomes of Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescent Patients: The Effect of Weight Loss in Younger Years to Outcomes in Adulthood

Abstract

Background: Childhood obesity is associated with a variety of complications that see their light throughout adulthood. Due to the serious side effects of these morbidities, early intervention is essential. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of obesity, however, the long-term data on its use in adolescents is lacking in the literature. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients that underwent SG aged between 12 and 21 years old at a public hospital in Kuwait. Data on their weight and comorbidities was collected and analyzed. Results: 164 adolescent patients with a mean age of 19 underwent SG. 71% of the patients were female, while the mean weight at surgery was 128.6 kg, corresponding to a BMI of 47.8 Kg/m2. 32% of patients had a starting BMI more than 50, while 6.7% had a BMI over 60. The highest weight loss was achieved at 18 months post-op, corresponding to an EWL of 82.66%. On long-term follow-up, weight loss was maintained over the 13 years post-op. Obstructive sleep apnea resolved in 75% of the patients while hypertension persisted in the 2 patients who were diagnosed with it pre-op. 21 patients developed gastro-esophageal reflux disease 5.7 years post-op, while 20 patients were treated for gall bladder stones 4.4 years post-op. Conclusion: It is of ample importance to tackle obesity during childhood before complications ensue later in life. Bariatric surgery, specifically SG, has been found to be an effective and safe weight loss tool, with sustained long-term weight maintenance and resolution of early comorbidities.