Prospective bioencapsulation to improve the quality of phosphate-solubilizing biofertilizers for crop production: A review

Abstract

Farmers commonly use chemical phosphorus fertilizer to increase crop yields, but long-term use may harm the environment. Biofertilizers specifically phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSMs), are used for restoring soil fertility in crop production. PSMs contribute to plant phosphorus supply by increasing phosphorus availability in the soil through organic acid and phosphatase enzyme secretion. However, the conventional biofertilizer formulation is often limited by a short shelf-life followed by a decreased microbial effectiveness. In recent years, bioencapsulation formulation have received more attention because they offer products that have a longer shelf-life, protect microbes in harsh environments, and maintain the effectiveness of biofertilizers. This literature review focuses on the latest bioencapsulation technology, the impact of bioencapsulation on phosphate-solubilizing biofertilizers, and the potential for developing bioencapsulation-based biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Precise formulation is crucial in bioencapsulation, influencing the quality and performance of biofertilizer inoculants. Bioencapsulated biofertilizers offer advantages such as improved nutrient management, enhanced plant stress tolerance, disease suppression, and innovative agricultural waste management. Despite longer shelf life and adaptability to various crops, further research is needed to address scalability, cost-effectiveness, and standardized encapsulation techniques. In conclusion, bioencapsulation innovations have the potential to promote sustainable and productive crop production.