A biodegradable PVA coating constructed on the surface of the implant for preventing bacterial colonization and biofilm formation

Abstract

Background: Bone implant infections pose a critical challenge in orthopedic surgery, often leading to implant failure. The potential of implant coatings to deter infections by hindering biofilm formation is promising. However, a shortage of cost-effective, efficient, and clinically suitable coatings persists. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a prevalent biomaterial, possesses inherent hydrophilicity, offering potential antibacterial properties. Methods: This study investigates the PVA solution's capacity to shield implants from bacterial adhesion, suppress bacterial proliferation, and thwart biofilm development. PVA solutions at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were prepared. In vitro assessments evaluated PVA's ability to impede bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The interaction between PVA and mCherry-labeled Escherichia coli (E. coli) was scrutinized, along with PVA’s therapeutic effects in a rat osteomyelitis model. Results: The PVA solution effectively restrained bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation on titanium implants. PVA solution had no substantial impact on the activity or osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 cells. Post-operatively, the PVA solution markedly reduced the number of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli colonies surrounding the implant. Imaging and histological scores exhibited significant improvements 2 weeks post-operation. Additionally, no abnormalities were detected in the internal organs of PVA-treated rats. Conclusions: PVA solution emerges as an economical, uncomplicated, and effective coating material for inhibiting bacterial replication and biofilm formation on implant surfaces, even in high-contamination surgical environments.