Determinants of mortality risk among Indonesian patients with COVID-19

Abstract

Background: The mortality risk of the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) remains a global concern. Particularly in Indonesia, patients aged 18–59 years have a high risk of death due to COVID-19. In this study, we analysed the determinants of mortality risk among patients with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the Indonesian COVID-19 dashboard, tracking COVID-19 cases from April 2020 to May 2021 was performed. Data of 22,314 patients with COVID-19 aged 18–59 years were analysed using descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Factors associated with confirmed mortality risk among patients aged 18–59 years with COVID-19 included increasing age (AOR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.07–1.09), hospitalised and on ventilator support (AOR = 130.75; 95% CI = 69.03–247.63), having severe disease (AOR = 15.24; 95% CI = 11.51–20.17), and travelling history (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.13–1.63). Conclusions: These findings confirmed that the increasing risk of death due to COVID-19 was associated with increasing age, ventilator support during hospitalisation, developing severe disease, and having a travelling history. This suggests that curative strategies should be strengthened with a focus on improving clinical governance by prioritising patients with the above variables.