Avalanche dynamics by Newton. Reply to comments on avalanche flow models based on the concept of random kinetic energy

Abstract

The critique by Issler and other (2017) of our avalanche dynamics model maintains that we disregard well-established results of particulate gravity flows. Here we show that the arguments of Issler and others (1) violate Newton's laws of motion in the avalanche core and (2) ignore size-dependent drag forces on snow particles (Stokes law) that lead to the formation of avalanche suspension layers. We explain why we cannot amend our model equations to accommodate their suggestions. The goal of our approach is to describe highly non-stationary processes in the avalanche core that lead to a wide range of avalanche flow types and therefore different flow behavior. This is important for practical applications.