Growth and skeletal maturation in male and female artistic gymnasts

Abstract

We studied 262 athletes who were 13-23 yr old. There were 93 male and 169 female artistic gymnasts (AG). This study is unique in character, because all variables were measured on the field of competition (24th European Championship). Male AG had a higher height SD score than female (P < 0.001), with a higher reported target height SD score (P < 0.001), a higher predicted final height (P = 0.007), a lower Δ height - target height (P < 0.001), a less delayed bone age (P < 0.001), a greater body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001), a lower mean body fat (P < 0.001), and an older age of onset of training (P < 0.001). In a subgroup of athletes who had reached final height, male AG had a higher weight SD score than female (t = 4.322, P < 0.001), with a higher reported target height SD score (t = 18.9, P < 0.001), but a greater Δ final height - target height (t = 6.641, P < 0.001) Height SD score was positively correlated to reported target height SD score (P = 0.009 and P = 0.006, respectively) and to weight SD (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) for both male and female AG, as well as to BMI for female AG (P < 0.001), and negatively to Δ age - bone age (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) and to predicted height SD score (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Using multiple regression analysis, height SD score was positively correlated to predicted height SD score for both male (P < 0.001) and female (P = 0.005) AG, as well as to weight SD score (P < 0.001) for female AG and negatively to BMI (P < 0.001) for female AG and to Δ age - bone age (P < 0.001) for male AG. In conclusion, a deterioration of growth in AG was observed. For both sexes, genetic predisposition to final height, although altered, was not disrupted.