Mesh Network for RFID and Electric Vehicle Monitoring in Smart Charging Infrastructure

Abstract

With an increased number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on the roads, PEV charging infrastructure is gaining an ever-more important role in simultaneously meeting the needs of drivers and those of the local distribution grid. However, the current approach to charging is not well suited to scaling with the PEV market. If PEV adoption continues, charging infrastructure will have to overcome its current shortcomings such as unresponsiveness to grid constraints, low degree of autonomy, and high cost, in order to provide a seamless and configurable interface from the vehicle to the power grid. Among the tasks a charging station will have to accomplish will be PEV identification, charging authorization, dynamic monitoring, and charge control. These will have to be done with a minimum of involvement at a maximum of convenience for a user. The system proposed in this work allows charging stations to become more responsive to grid constraints and gain a degree of networked autonomy by automatically identifying and authorizing vehicles, along with monitoring and controlling all charging activities via an RFID mesh network consisting of charging stations and in-vehicle devices. The proposed system uses a ZigBee mesh network of in-vehicle monitoring devices which simultaneously serve as active RFID tags and remote sensors. The system outlined lays the groundwork for intelligent charge-scheduling by providing access to vehicle’s State of Charge (SOC) data as well as vehicle/driver IDs, allowing a custom charging schedule to be generated for a particular driver and PEV. The approach presented would allow PEV charging to be conducted effectively while observing grid constraints and meeting the needs of PEV drivers.