A mixture theory for the moisture transport in polyamide

Abstract

Polyamide exhibits hygroscopic nature and can absorb up to 10% of moisture relative to its dry weight. The absorbed moisture increases the mobility of the molecular chains and causes a reduction in the glass transition temperature. Thus, depending on the moisture distribution, a polyamide component can show different stiffness and relaxation times. Moreover, the moisture distribution also depends on the mechanical loading of the material as the volumetric deformation results in a change of the available free volume for the moisture. Thus, a strongly coupled model is required to describe the material behaviour. In this work, a thermodynamically consistent coupled model within the framework of mixture theory is developed. The mechanical deformation of polyamide 6 (PA6) is based on a linear viscoelastic material model, and the moisture transport is based on a nonlinear diffusion model. The stiffness and the relaxation time of the viscoelastic model change with the moisture concentration. Furthermore, the moisture transport is affected by the pressure gradient generated by the mechanical loading of the material. This strongly coupled model has been implemented using the finite element method, and simulation results are presented for a three-point bending experiment.