Sustainable applications of lignocellulosic residues from the production of Brazil nut in the Peruvian Amazon

Abstract

Brazil nut is one of the main non-timber products from the Amazonia that are traded in the international market. Up to 85% of the Brazil nut weight corresponds to the inedible wooden pericarp and shell, thus generating large amounts of lignocellulosic waste during cultivation and production. However, lignocellulosic wastes, such as Brazil nut husk and seed shells, are suitable raw materials for a variety of industrial applications, including the production of activated carbon, ecoplastic composites, composting, biochar, construction materials, plant substrates, and soil remediation techniques. Here, we reviewed the academic literature exploring the properties of Brazil nut-waste materials and their applications in multiple industries. Brazil nut waste is presented as an overlooked source of lignocellulosic materials with great potential in the materials science industry.