Variability of total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity among 20 curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Accessions of Indonesia

Abstract

Objective: Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. is wild-growing rhizome herb in Indonesia with interesting pharmacological activities. This study evaluated the variability of total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and their antioxidant activities of 20 Indonesian accessions of C. aeruginosa. Methodology: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by spectrophotometrically with the Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric method, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by inhibition using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and inhibition of DPPH in 20 accessions of C. aeruginosa were found to be in the range 23.13±2.92 to 78.59±12.23 mg TAE g–1, 7.65±2.18 to 21.71±3.00 mg QE g–1 and 0.34±1.46 to 19.59±1.67%, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis from the 20 accessions of C. aeruginosa falls into 3 groups. Group I consisted of 12 accessions i.e., CB, KP, SH, WG, PW, KN, MD, PK, PT, GD, KL and MB. Group II consisted of 7 accessions i.e., GK, LC, KA, SG, PR, KD and BH. Group III consisted of 1 accessions i.e., NW. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is significant variability (p<0.05) in total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and DPPH scavenging activity of different accessions of C. aeruginosa. Evaluation of the performed on individual accession in the same location is required to determine variability in phytochemical composition of C. aeruginosa.