Computationally Efficient State-of-Charge Estimation in Li-Ion Batteries Using Enhanced Dual-Kalman Filter†

Abstract

This paper proposes a state-of-charge estimation technique to meet highly dynamic power requirements in electric vehicles. When the power going in/out the battery is highly dynamic, the statistics of the measurement noise are expected to deviate and maybe change over time from the expected laboratory specified values. Therefore, we propose to integrate adaptive noise identification with the dual-Kalman filter to obtain a robust and computationally-efficient estimation. The proposed technique is verified at the pack and cell levels using a 3.6 V lithium-ion battery cell and a 12.8 V lithium-ion battery pack. Standardized electric vehicle tests are conducted and used to validate the proposed technique, such as dynamic stress test, urban dynamometer driving schedule, and constant-current discharge tests at different temperatures. Results demonstrate a sustained improvement in the estimation accuracy and a high robustness due to immunity to changes in the statistics of the process and measurement noise sequences using the proposed technique.