Neck pain: What if it is not musculoskeletal?

Abstract

Background Neck pain is a common presentation in general practice, with muscle strain or osteoarthritis the most common diagnoses. A systematic approach for identifying red flags for alternative causes is required to appropriately investigate or refer for specialist opinion. Objectives The aim of this article is to highlight features of neurological and other causes of neck pain in adults that may present in general practice, and to outline a quick and practical diagnostic approach. Discussion Neck pain in adults may result from musculoskeletal or neurological disease, or as a component of a wide variety of metabolic, infective or malignant disorders. Focused attention to those components of history and examination that suggest alternative conditions can assist the diagnostic process.