Is Dietary Nonadherence Unique to Obesity and Weight Loss? Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Objective: Weight stigma is associated with poor dietary adherence, yet adherence is essential for weight loss and maintenance. This study aimed to determine differences in dietary adherence and perceived hunger between lean individuals and two groups of individuals with obesity. Methods: In a 6-week outpatient dietary intervention (23 males; aged 48 [SD 14] years), lean participants (n = 23; BMI 23 [SD 2] kg/m2) received a weight-maintaining energy needs (WMEN) diet, and participants with obesity (BMI 36 [SD 7]) were randomized to either WMEN (n = 18) or a 35% calorie-reduced (CR) diet (n = 19). All food was provided, and multiple adherence and hunger ratings were assessed daily and weekly on an outpatient basis and in person at twice-weekly visits (e.g., 24-hour recall, diaries). Results: Weight decreased more in the group of CR individuals with obesity (β = −0.301 kg/wk, P = 0.02) compared with the group of lean individuals and the group of WMEN individuals with obesity. However, total percent adherence did not differ between groups (P = 0.60), and hunger scores did not change across groups over time (P = 0.08). Conclusions: Results indicate that there are no differences in dietary adherence between lean individuals and individuals with obesity and adherence is not associated with adiposity or hunger. Thus, the belief that nonadherence (e.g., lack of willpower) is unique to obesity is untrue and may perpetuate weight bias and stigma.