The kinetics of torque teno virus plasma DNA load shortly after engraftment predicts the risk of high-level CMV DNAemia in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Abstract

Monitoring Torque teno virus (TTV) DNA load helps to estimate the risk of opportunistic infections in solid organ transplant recipients. We investigated whether the early kinetic pattern of plasma TTV DNA load after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) associates with subsequent CMV and EBV DNAemia. This study included 71 allo-HSCT patients. We found that the area under the curve (AUC) for log 10 TTV DNA loads quantified by days 20 and 30 after transplantation (TTV DNA load AUC 20-30), was significantly lower (P=0.036) in patients who subsequently developed CMV DNAemia requiring preemptive antiviral therapy (n=17) than in those who did not (n=8) or had no CMV DNAemia (n=19). Patients displaying TTV DNA load AUC 20-30 1/22.8 copies × days × mL '1 were more likely to have high-level CMV DNAemia. A trend towards a direct correlation between TTV DNA AUC 20-30 and CMV-specific interferon-3 CD8+ T-cell counts by day +30 was noted (P=0.095). However, this dynamic parameter was not useful for anticipating the occurrence of either CMV recurrences (n=12) or EBV DNAemia (n=34). In summary, it may be possible to identify a subset of allo-HSCT patients at a high risk of developing high-level CMV DNAemia by analyzing the kinetics of plasma TTV DNA load early after engraftment.