Depth-sensitive reflectance measurements using obliquely oriented fiber probes

Abstract

Computer simulation is used to facilitate the design of fiber-probe geometries that enable enhanced detection of optical signals arising from specific tissue depths. Obtaining understanding of the relationship between fiber-probe design and tissue interrogation is critical when developing strategies for optical detection of epithelial precancers that originate at known depths from the tissue surface. The accuracy of spectroscopic diagnostics may be enhanced by discretely probing the optical properties of epithelium and underlying stroma, within which the morphological and biochemical features vary as a function of depth. While previous studies have investigated controlling tissue-probing depth for fluorescence-based modalities, in this study we focus on the detection of reflected light scattered by tissue. We investigate how the depth of optical interrogation may be controlled through combinations of collection angles, source-detector separations, and numerical apertures. We find that increasing the obliquity of collection fibers at a given source-detector separation can effectively enhance the detection of superficially scattered signals. Fiber numerical aperture provides additional depth selectivity; however, the perturbations in sampling depth achieved through this means are modest relative to the changes generated by modifying the angle of collection and source-detection separation.