Anxiety and depression prevalence and their risk factors in lupus nephritis patients: A case–control study

Abstract

Introduction: Anxiety and depression exhibit a high prevalence in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, while this issue is seldom explored in lupus nephritis (LN). Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression, and the risk factors for these mental disorders in LN patients. Methods: Fifty LN patients, 50 non-LN SLE patients, and 50 health control (HCs) were enrolled. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety (HADS-A) score and HADS for depression (HADS-D) score were evaluated. Results: HADS-A score was highest in LN patients (median 7.0, interquartile range [IQR]: 6.0–10.0), followed by non-LN SLE patients (median 6.0, IQR: 5.0–8.0), and lowest in HCs (median 5.0, IQR: 3.0–7.0) (p