Immunohistochemical expression of visfatin in the gingival tissue of type II diabetes patients

Abstract

Visfatin found to be associated with different systemic inflammatory diseases like diabetes and diseases of oral cavity like periodontal diseases so that the aim of this study to evaluate the expression of visfatin in the gingival tissue of control and uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients. 28 type 2 diabetic patients divided into two groups, the first group consist of 18 control diabetic patients under hypoglycemic drug with chronic periodontitis, the second group which also consist of 18 patients but an uncontrolled diabetic(without hypoglycemic drug) and with chronic periodontitis and the third group 10 person with healthy periodontium. Their age was between (30-45) years and all patients in both groups were male and non-smokers. The periodontal condition was estimated by recording the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Gingival pocket epithelium samples were excised crown lengthening procedure and periodontal flap surgery in the diabetic group and healthy groups and then processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining then immunohistochemical staining for visfatin marker expression. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software and paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test. Statistically significant was considered at a p-value less than 0.05. The mean value of all recorded periodontal parameters was highest among uncontrolled diabetic group compared to control with statistically significant difference existed between both groups (p=0.000) for plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. In regard to the immunohistochemistry staining, the Mann-Whitney test was used and the results revealed significant differences between the diabetic groups (p= 0.000). In conclusion, the study revealed the poor condition of the oral cavity regarding the periodontal condition of patients with type 2 diabetes, so the co-operation between diabetic centers and dentists needs to be increased. The immunohistochemical stain for visfatin was found more intense in the gingival tissue of the uncontrolled diabetic group compared to the control diabetic one. So that visfatin may have a link to the etiology and pathology of type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis.