Photo-Initiated Coagulation Activation and Fibrinolysis Inhibition for Synergetic Tumor Vascular Infarction via a Gold Nanorods-Based Nanosystem

Abstract

Tumor vascular infarction has been regarded as a promising therapy in tumor treatment. However, due to the limited activity of designed coagulation agents, resulting from the challenges of inducing sustained and complete thrombosis and associated selectivity issues, the traditional vascular infarction strategy consequently results in treatment failure. Here, we report a photo-initiated coagulation activation and fibrinolysis inhibition approach to achieve synergetic tumor vascular infarction via gold nanorods (AuNRs)-based nanosystem for the co-delivery of coagulation initiator thrombin and fibrinolysis inhibitor tranexamic acid. With a photo-initiated cascade reaction, thrombin and tranexamic acid could be released from the nanosystem to activate coagulation and inhibit the fibrinolysis within tumor vessels. By integrating these two physiological reactions, fortified clots were formed, and tumor vessels were occluded steadily, affecting the metabolism of the tumor cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. This strategy might open an alternative path for the advancement of the current tumor vascular infarction strategy.