Revisiting equilibrium condensation and rocky planet compositions: Introducing the ECCO PLANETS code

Abstract

The bulk composition of exoplanets cannot yet be directly observed. Equilibrium condensation simulations help us betterunderstand the composition of the planets building blocks and their relation to the composition of their host star.Aims. We introduce ECCOPLANETS, an open-source Python code that simulates condensation in the protoplanetary disk. Our aim isto analyse how well a simplistic model can reproduce the main characteristics of rocky planet formation. For this purpose, we revisitedcondensation temperatures (Tc) as a means to study disk chemistry, and explored their sensitivity to variations in pressure (p) andelemental abundance pattern. We also examined the bulk compositions of rocky planets around chemically diverse stars.Methods. Our T-p-dependent chemical equilibrium model is based on a Gibbs free energy minimisation. We derived condensationtemperatures for Solar System parameters with a simulation limited to the most common chemical species. We assessed their change(?Tc) as a result of p-variation between 10?6 and 0.1 bar. To analyse the influence of the abundance pattern, key element ratios werevaried, and the results were validated using solar neighbourhood stars. To derive the bulk compositions of planets, we explored threedifferent planetary feeding-zone (FZ) models and compared their output to an external n-body simulation.Results. Our model reproduces the external results well in all tests. For common planet-building elements, we derive a Tc that is within }5K of literature values, taking a wider spectrum of components into account. The Tc is sensitive to variations in p and the abundancepattern. For most elements, it rises with p and metallicity. The tested pressure range (10?6 0.1 bar) corresponds to ?Tc ? +350K,and for ?0.3 ? [M/H] ? 0.4 we find ?Tc ? +100K. An increase in C/O from 0.1 to 0.7 results in a decrease of ?Tc ? ?100K. Otherelement ratios are less influential. Dynamic planetary accretion can be emulated well with any FZ model. Their width can be adaptedto reproduce gradual changes in planetary composition.