Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcoding of Achillea millefolium L.

Abstract

Ilham M, Mukarromah SR, Rakashiwi GA, Indriati DT, Yoku BF, Purnama PR, Junairiah, Prasongsuk S, Purnobasuki H, Wahyuni DK. 2022. Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcoding of Achillea millefolium L. Biodiversitas 23: 1958-1969. One of the important things to study the distribution of secondary metabolites in the plant body is to carry out the identifi cation process. Morphological markers have several limitations to recognize plants, therefore supporting data is needed so that the information becomes more comprehensive. This study aims to identify Achillea millefolium L. based on morphological, anatomical, and DNA barcoding markers to obtain specific data and avoid confusion. Morphological studies were carried out descriptively using vegetative organs, while anatomical studies of rhizomes, stems, and leaves used the paraffin method. The DNA barcoding was performed by analyzing genes from 3 different individuals. The research was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the partial gene in the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) regions and maturase-K (matK). The results showed that the plant had taproots, short stems due to root rosette and the leaves were double compound. The rhizome and stem tissues had almost the same structure, while the leaves had a tissue arrangement that was similar to other plants in general, except that the mesophyll tissue was undifferentiated. The results of DNA barcoding showed a percentage of identity above 98% for both the rbcL and matK genes.