Factores de riesgo de presentar una complicación postoperatoria en pacientes operados de urgencia por patología herniaria

Abstract

Background: Thirteen percent of hernias require emergency surgery and of these, approximately 14 percent require an intestinal excision. Aim: To identify risk factors for postoperative complications after emergency surgical treatment of complicated hernias. Material and Methods: Using surgical room registries, all patients subjected to emergency surgery for complicated hernias between 2004 and 2008 were identified and their medical records were reviewed. Follow up was performed using data from hospital and outpatient medical records. Results: One hundred fifty two patients were identified but four were discarded due to lack of complete records. Therefore, 148 patients aged 24 to 95 years (104 females) were analyzed. Forty patients had postoperative complications (27 percent) and six died (4 percent). Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, III or IV, were identified as risk factors for complications. Logistic regression only accepted hypertension as a risk factor with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.35 (95 percent confidence intervals (CI) 1.04-5.3). The predictors for mortality were obesity, hypertension, an ASA classification of III or IV and having a strangulated hernia. Logistic regression only accepted having a strangulated hernia as an independent risk factor with an OR of 16.4 (95 percent CI 1.6-167.7). Conclusions: Hypertension and having a strangulated hernia are risk factors for complications and mortality after emergency surgery for complicated hernias.