"Terras caídas", as causas e implicações socioeconômicas: Uma análise preliminar na comunidade de Calama - baixo rio Madeira/RO

Abstract

This article aims to study on preliminary basis the causes and socioeconomic implications of the fluvial erosion process on the Madeira River, denominated by the local population as "fallen lands." It was selected as study area, for presenting an advanced process of erosion by landslide and slipping the community of Calama, lower course of Madeira River/RO. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, we proceeded to a detailed literature review and two expeditions of multidisciplinary studies, the first in September 2010, the end of the ebb and the second in June 2011, the beginning of the ebb. Those dates were established because they allowed better viewing of the phenomenon discussed and a comparison of the erosive process evolution from one year to another. It was observed that the genesis of the phenomenon is a combination of various natural factors, but that is boosted by human action. Every ebb, it is noticed that some meters of ravine were taken, impacting directly the routine of local population, which from one season to another is forced to leave their homes because they are now in a dangerous area. Due the historic importance present in the process of occupation and creation of lower Madeira River communities, it is imperative that mitigation measures are taken towards preserving more than weak alluvial banks, but also important constructions with a high historic value, for example, true architectural relics from the first and second cycles of the rubber.