Knock ratings of gasoline substitutes

Abstract

Knock ratings of gaseous paraffins and olefins through C4, and of carbon monoxide, were determined by current motor and aviation test methods. Auxiliary apparatus and modifications of t est engines n ecessary to rate gases are described. Antiknock qualities of ethyl and normal butyl alcohol and acetone, both alone and in blends, were determined by current motor-fuel rating procedures. Blending characteristics of these materials with straight run gasolines and naphthas were investigated. Diethyl ether in ethyl alcohol blends showed a high positive sensitivity (Co-ordinating Fuel Research Committee (CFR) research minus American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) motor octane number) for ether concentrations below 48 percent and a high negative sensitivity above that figure. The tests indicated that blends containing up to 45 p erce nt of ether should give relatively knock-free performance under conditions of steady operation. CONTENTS Page I. Introduction__ ___ ___ ___________ __________ _____________________ 273 II. Methods of test. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 III. Knock ratings of gaseous fuels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 1. ~onhydrocarbons___ _ _ ____ __ ____________ _ _____ _ _________ 276 2. IIydrocarbons_ ___ _______________ ___ ________ __________ __ 277 IV. N onhydrocarbon blends_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 1. Ethyl alcohol-diethyl ether blends_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 2. Blends containing n-butyl alcohol, acetone, and ethyl alcohoL 278 V. IIydrocarbon fuels containing nonhydrocarbon components _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 1. Gasoline blends____ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ ___ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ 279 2. ~aphtha blends with nonhydrocarbons ___ __ ____________ ___ 282 VI.