An attachment research perspective on ADHD

Abstract

Since the beginning of clinical attachment research in the mid-1980s the number of research projects in this area has been continuously increas-ing. The research questions so far can be allocated to numerous medical disciplines such as psychoso-matic medicine, adult psychiatry or child and ado-lescent psychiatry. Recently, children with ADHD and their families have also become subjects of this branch of research. Their specific behavioral characteristics from early childhood on constitute unique challenges on the parent-child interaction. If these interactions develop in a suboptimal way, children may develop an insecure or even a disorganized attachment qual-ity. The latter represents a risk factor for a clinically significant psychopathological development. This article initially presents basic principles of at-tachment theory and discusses the relevance of the cardinal symptoms of ADHD for clinical attachment research. Subsequently, it outlines and discusses the main results of existing research regarding attachment and ADHD. It concludes with a perspective on re-search questions that need to be addressed in the future with regard to a transgenerational model that highlights the importance of parental attachment rep-resentations to the development of children's attach-ment quality.