Investigation of the Effects of Three-Dimensional Modeling Techniques on Degenerative Rotoscoliosis Surgery

Abstract

Objectives The present study aimed to compare patients in whom an operation plan was prepared before surgery using the three-dimensional (3D) modeling technology with the application of freehand screws using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan images. Methods The printings and modelings were established in the Training and Research Center. Of 40 patients, 20 underwent surgery with 3D printing (Group 1) and 20 with the freehand technique (Group 2). The surgeries were performed by the same surgeons. Moreover, 5-mm pedicle screws were located in 122 vertebrae in 20 patients in whom 3D modeling was used and in 124 vertebrae in 20 patients in whom this modeling technique was not used. Results The mean time of screw insertion was 2.9 +/- 1.2 minutes in the experimental group and 4.7 +/- 2.3 minutes in the control group. While the mean amount of bleeding was 7.4 +/- 4.1 ml in the experimental group, it was found to be 39.6 +/- 14.2 ml in the control group. When the locations of the screws in the experimental group were evaluated, it was seen that 106 (86.9%) screws were `excellent' and 16 (13.1%) screws were `good.' When the placement of 124 pedicle screws in the control group was evaluated, it was found that 100 (80.6%) screws were `excellent,' 20 (17.8%) screws were `good,' and two (1.6%) screws were `poor.' Conclusion The use of the improved 3D technology in the neurosurgery field is advantageous for surgeons, as it decreases the preoperative preparation phase, length of operation, and risk of complications.