Cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial activity of phytochemicals from Phragmanthera austroarabica

Abstract

The cytotoxic, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extracts from Phragmanthera austroarabica is of interest. Plants of P. austroarabica were gathered from the southern Saudi Arabian region of Albaha. P. austroarabica extract was assessed using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ) cancer cell lines used in this investigation. The cytotoxic activity of P. austroarabica extract was explored against MCF-7 breast and A549 lung cancer cell lines, along with doxorubicin as a positive control. In both treated cells, P. austroarabica showed a remarkable activity via suppressing the cell’s survival. In terms of IC50 (concentration equivalent to a survival rate of 50%), MCF-7 breast cancer cells were more sensitive to P. austroarabica extract.) DPPH colorimetric assay was employed to assess the antioxidant properties of P. austroarabica extract, the antioxidant activity was increased along with increment of extract concentrations. The leaves aqueous extract of P. austroarabica inhibited the growth of S. aureus by 6.3±0.12 mm and 24±0.43 mm and 15±0.56 mm respectively for seed, leaf and stem at concentrations 50 μl. However, the same concentrations inhibited the growth of E. coli by 25±0.75, 0.00 mm and 24±0.18 mm, following the same order. Different superscript letters indicate means that are significantly different at level (p˂0.05). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of P. austroarabica ethanolic extracts against the tested microorganisms were 1.5, 1.6 and 1.5, respectively for seed, leaf and stem against Staph. Aureus and were 1.2, 0.00 and 1.2, respectively for seed, leaf and stem against E. coli.