Fast proton exchange in histidine: Measurement of rate constants through indirect detection by NMR spectroscopy

Abstract

Owing to its imidazole side chain, histidine participates in various processes such as enzyme catalysis, pH regulation, metal binding, and phosphorylation. The determination of exchange rates of labile protons for such a system is important for understanding its functions. However, these rates are too fast to be measured directly in an aqueous solution by using NMR spectroscopy. We have obtained the exchange rates of the NH3+ amino protons and the labile NHε2 and NH δ1 protons of the imidazole ring by indirect detection through nitrogen-15 as a function of temperature (272K