Electrocatalytic Upcycling of PET Waste to Chemical Products and Fuels Coupled With Cathodic Reactions

Abstract

Plastic waste continues to be a major environmental challenge, worsened by energy-intensive conventional recycling methods that require highly pure feedstocks. In this review, emerging electrochemical upcycling technologies are critically examined, focusing on the electro-oxidation transformation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into valuable chemical products. Key reaction pathways and target products are outlined to clarify the selective electrochemical reforming of PET. The key focus is on the integration of anodic PET oxidation with complementary cathodic reactions, including water, carbon dioxide, and nitrate reduction reactions, to demonstrate how integrated systems can simultaneously transform plastic waste into valuable products and generate sustainable fuels. Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis is provided to highlight the essential factors that will influence the transition towards industrial-scale implementation. This review is intended to advance new research approaches and innovative strategies for improving electrochemical PET recycling techniques, supporting broader goals in circular economy growth and sustainable chemical manufacturing.