Anatomical Study With Clinical Significance of the Buccomandibular Space: A Complementary Ultrasonographic Study to Cadaveric Dissection

Abstract

The buccomandibular space is a potential space located within the oral and maxillofacial regions. This morphological study aimed to provide a detailed anatomical description and ultrasonographic examination of the buccomandibular space and its adjacent structures, to discuss its clinical significance—particularly in relation to pathological conditions such as the spread of odontogenic infections, complications associated with antiaging injectables, and tumor invasion—and to offer valuable insights into the understanding and management of lower face treatment and rejuvenation. Anatomical dissection was performed on 28 facial halves, including 10 from five embalmed and 18 from nine fresh-frozen Korean adult cadavers. An ultrasonographic study was conducted on 12 facial halves of six healthy Korean adult participants. In addition, targeted intraoral polycaprolactone filler injection into the buccomandibular space was performed on two fresh-frozen hemifaces to simulate the expansion of the potential space, followed by ultrasonographic validation and intraoral dissection to confirm the filler-occupied area. The buccomandibular space was bounded by six anatomical boundaries. Ultrasonographic examination at three reference points in the lower third of the face identified adjacent muscular and vascular structures. This study presented various methods for clarifying the boundaries and adjacent structures of the buccomandibular space. The detailed anatomical insights gained in our study can enhance the understanding of the buccomandibular space, including its clinical relevance and anatomical relationships with adjacent structures. These findings may also improve the interpretation of ultrasonographic imaging for healthcare professionals and students in both clinical and educational settings.