Development of innovative machine technology for fiber flax growing in conditions of North-West region

Abstract

In the North-West region of Russia, the main branch of agriculture is animal husbandry, and as a result, fodder production takes the first place in the crop production in most farms. However, some areas of the region have a large soil-climatic potential for introduction of fiber flax into the production, thereby it is possible to increase the duration of the crop rotation. The cultivation of flax as a cover crop for meadow perennial grasses is of great importance for the region and is a relevant topic for scientific study. The main objective of the research was to study the effect of seeding of various types of perennial meadow grasses on the yield and quality of flax used for fiber. It has been established that the productivity of fiber flax is primarily dependent on the ripening period of the variety, and to a lesser extent depends on sowing of meadow perennial grasses. The Rosinka variety, which has the highest fiber yield at the level of 1.8 t·ha-1, which is by 3-27 % higher than the middle-ripening Alpha variety and 35-47 % from the early-ripening variety Zaryanka, is reliably the best in flax productivity. When seeding festulolium under flax varieties Zaryanka and Rosinka, the yield of fiber is reduced by 7-30 % and 15-21 %, respectively. In the Alpha variety, the decrease in yields of flax is due to the sowing of meadow bluegrass by 15-34 % and creep clover by 4-21 %. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the cultivation of flax with seeding of perennial meadow grasses, the machine technology was developed, the use of which ensures the production of high quality products and maximum productivity when performing the most important technological operations, which is very important for the difficult climatic conditions of the region. Using of this technology will allow to obtain high-quality fiber from flax and to produce forage for farm animals.