Biochemical characterization of pulp and kernel of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. fruits consumed in Niger

Abstract

The Sclerocarya birrea or Marula tree is a multipurpose forest species widespread in Africa, but little studied in Niger. The general objective of this study is the characterization of the fruits of the species S. birrea in order to better contribute to its valorization. The samples were collected at 7 sites in two regions and analyzed in the laboratory to determine the biochemical composition according to AOAC (1990) methods. The characterization of the pulp shows average water contents ranging from 80.3 to 86%, those of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are respectively 3.12 ± 1.48%, 2.78 ± 0.74% and 86, 30 ± 2.55% respectively with an energy value of 382.68 ± 7.56 Kcal. The kernel is composed on average of 6.08 ± 1.74% water and 3.96 ± 0.39% mineral matter. It is however quite rich in protein (35.2 ± 2.47%) with a high rate of fat (46 ± 5.97%), carbohydrates of 14.8 ± 6.50%. The calculated average energy is 614 ± 29.3 Kcal. There is no significant difference in composition depending on the origin of the fruits. S. birrea thus demonstrate great potential that requires better development and popularization to contribute to food and nutritional security at the level households.