Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Adults After Stroke: An Umbrella Review

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Stroke is among the leading causes of disability in adults, as hemiparesis affects motor function and daily activities. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has proven effective in functional recovery through intensive use of the affected limb. This study aimed to assess the impact of CIMT on upper limb (UL) rehabilitation in stroke patients, with a focus on motor recovery, integration into activities of daily living (ADLs), and overcoming clinical implementation barriers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception to March 2026. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the effectiveness of CIMT in adult patients after stroke were included. The outcome variables included motor function, movement quality, independence in ADLs, and quality of life (QoL). Results: Twenty-five systematic reviews and sixteen meta-analyses were included. The participants were adults who had suffered a stroke at acute, subacute, or chronic stages and were aged between 18 and 95 years. With respect to upper limb motor function, ten studies reported statistically significant results in favor of CIMT. With respect to ADLs, four studies reported significant differences in favor of CIMT, with strong effects in intensive interventions. With respect to QoL, three studies reported significant improvements after the intervention. Conclusions: The results of this umbrella review support the effectiveness of CIMT in UL rehabilitation after stroke, especially in the subacute and chronic phases. CIMT, alone or in combination with adjuvant therapies, contributes to improving motor function, independence in ADLs, and QoL in patients.