Reconsidering Forgiveness and Unforgiveness: A Call for a More Nuanced Understanding of Unforgiveness

Abstract

This essay explores the complex nature of forgiveness and unforgiveness as responses to wrongdoing. Traditionally, forgiveness has been framed as a process that promotes psychological and relational well-being, whereas unforgiveness is often viewed as harmful. Perhaps because of these tendencies, forgiveness researchers have documented many benefits associated with forgiveness but paid less attention to the possibility that there may be situations in which unforgiveness may be legitimate, appropriate, and perhaps even adaptive. We propose that the psychology literature could benefit from systematic investigation of unforgiveness that explores its complexity, potential moral dimensions, and the conditions under which it may serve as a valid and useful alternative to forgiving. By advocating for a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of both forgiveness and unforgiveness, we seek not to diminish forgiveness or prior forgiveness research but, rather, to encourage a more balanced perspective on these constructs that may lead to more nuanced theories and interventions in both clinical and applied settings.