Influencing factors on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients

Abstract

Background: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels are generally lower in chronic hepatitis C patients than in healthy individuals. The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors which affect serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels using data obtained from Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients. Methods: The subjects were 619 chronic hepatitis C patients. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were measured by using double-antibody radioimmunoassay between April 2009 and August 2014. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels of 20ng/mL or less were classified as vitamin D deficiency, and those with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels of 30ng/mL or more as vitamin D sufficiency. The relationship between patient-related factors and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels was analyzed. Results: The cohort consisted of 305 females and 314 males, aged between 18 and 89years (median, 63years). The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level was 21ng/mL (range, 6-61ng/mL). On the other hand, the median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level in the healthy subjects was 25ng/mL (range, 7-52), being significantly higher than that those in 80 chronic hepatitis C patients matched for age, gender, and season (p=1.16×10-8). In multivariate analysis, independent contributors to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency were as follows: female gender (p=2.03×10-4, odds ratio=2.290, 95% confidence interval=1.479-3.545), older age (p=4.30×10-4, odds ratio=1.038, 95 % confidence interval=1.017-1.060), cold season (p=0.015, odds ratio=1.586, 95 % confidence interval=1.095-2.297), and low hemoglobin level (p=0.037, odds ratio=1.165, 95% confidence interval=1.009-1.345). By contrast, independent contributors to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 sufficiency were male gender (p=0.001, odds ratio=3.400, 95% confidence interval=1.635-7.069), warm season (p=0.014, odds ratio=1.765, 95% confidence interval=1.117-2.789) and serum albumin (p=0.016, OR=2.247, 95 % CI=1.163-4.342). Conclusions: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in chronic hepatitis C Japanese patients were influenced by gender, age, hemoglobin level, albumin and the season of measurement.