The problem of cold start emissions from vehicles

Abstract

The progression of passenger vehicles is progressing, and regulations are continually being revised, resulting in a decrease in car exhaust emissions. The European Commission has revised the RDE test procedure to include exhaust emissions during a cold start as part of package 3. The article carried out simulations using COPERT software, which uses tests based on WLTP, assuming ambient temperatures from –10°C to +20°C, at intervals of 5oC. This paper aims to present the results of mathematically modelling the influence of ambient temperature on the cold start emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non–methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), hydrocarbons (treated as volatile organic compounds – VOC), total particulate matter (TSP) and particle number (PN) in passenger cars and light duty vehicles. The modelling results show that a change in ambient temperature significantly affects carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), hydrocarbons (treated as volatile organic compounds – VOC), total particulate matter (TSP) and particle number (PN) in cold start emissions.