Integrative Cognitive Reserve

Abstract

The cognitive reserve (CR) against cognitive damage stems from a series of observations. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review to summarize the concept of CR. A variety of factors such as age, education level, reading ability, and vocabulary have an impact on the reserve according to a large amount of research and may influence CR. Furthermore, due to measurement difficulties, efforts to explore CR have been hindered. This is why different methods have been used to quantify reserve, such as multiple indicators multiple causes, residual variance in episodic memory performance, the Sole-Padulles Childhood Enrichment measure, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Hollingshead Two-Factor Index of Social Position, the Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test, and the Digit Span Subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale. In addition, numerous studies explored the role of CR in various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, obesity, and sleep onset/maintenance difficulties. CR plays a significant role in the morbidity of these diseases, and since integrative medicine may be able to modify CR, it might be an effective tool to prevent these serious diseases.