Antidiabetic Potential of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. and Brachylaena discolor DC (Asteraceae) in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Silybum marianum and Brachylaena discolor were identified from the ethnobotanical pool of medicinal plants used in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Africa. These two plants were selected based on their strength of evidence from our preliminary investigation and frequency of ethnomedicinal use. An extensive literature review was performed using major scientific databases. Silybum marianum and Brachylaena discolor have shown potential activity in decreasing blood glucose levels. Previously isolated chemical compounds validated their anti-diabetic properties, thus confirming their importance and utilization from an ethnobotanical perspective for drug discovery in the development of type 2 diabetes drugs. The traditional use of Brachylaena discolor involved infusion and decoction methods, and the isolation of target-based compounds will be required for anti-diabetic activities. However, the existing toxicity profile remains insufficient, especially for B. discolor. The findings suggest that these plants would be beneficial to the populace as an add-on dietary vegetable in lowering blood sugar levels for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Further comprehensive studies are needed to fully establish their safety profile, particularly with long-term use or when consumed.