PRISMA Review on the implementation of Machine Learning in education: Social challenges and opportunities in shaping the citizens of tomorrow

Abstract

Introduction: The boundaries between humanity and artificial intelligence are becoming blurred, posing significant challenges in the field of education. Although institutions are showing interest in incorporating technologies such as ChatGPT, debates persist about their impact on the development of critical citizens and future leaders. Methodology: This systematic review, guided by the PRISMA method, analyses studies on the use of AI tools in school contexts, combining qualitative approaches to assess their pedagogical relevance and quantitative approaches to identify publication trends. Results: While much research focuses on scientific disciplines where AI is already integrated, the findings reveal that the educational field still faces difficulties in adapting to these technologies, which could exacerbate existing inequalities. Discussion: The incorporation of AI in education requires strategies that consider not only the technological dimension, but also the social, ethical, and pedagogical factors that influence its effective implementation. Conclusions: There is a need to advance research with sociological and educational approaches that enable the design of effective policies and practices for integrating artificial intelligence into the school system, training critical, ethical and competent students in an increasingly digitalised society.