Impact of the diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension on healthy food consumption indicators: a longitudinal study of elderly persons

  • Cembranel F
  • Bernardo C
  • Ozcariz S
  • et al.
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Abstract

Abstract Objective: to evaluate if the prevalence of healthy food consumption indicators among elderly persons with the self-reported diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and/or systemic arterial hypertension (DM and/or SAH) improved after diagnosis of these diseases, and to compare if the prevalence of such indicators was more frequent among elderly persons with DM and/or SAH than in elderly persons without these diseases. Method: a longitudinal study of 1,197 elderly persons aged 60-104 years, living in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, was performed, considering as an outcome the self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension. Healthy consumption indicators (exposures) were considered the maintenance and/or acquisition of the intake of fruit and vegetables ≥3 and ≥2 times/day, respectively, the consumption of fatty meat <2 times/week, and fried foods <2 times/week. Data was analyzed in terms of absolute and relative frequencies, and Poisson Regression was used to obtain the crude and adjusted prevalence of food consumption indicators. Values of p≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: when comparing the prevalences of the indicators of healthy food consumption among elderly persons with DM and/or SAH with those without these diseases, it was observed that only the consumption of fried foods changed positively between the periods 2009-2010 and 2013-2014. This result was statistically significant only for women, with maintaining/acquiring the infrequent consumption of fried foods (<2 times/week) 8.2% higher among elderly women with DM and/or SAH, p=0.043. Conclusion: The prevalence of healthy food consumption indicators was low and there was almost no difference between older adults with and without DM and/or SAH.Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar se a prevalência de indicadores de consumo alimentar saudável entre idosos com diagnóstico autorreferido de diabetes mellitus e/ou hipertensão arterial sistêmica (DM e/ou HAS) melhorou após diagnóstico dessas doenças, e comparar se a prevalência de tais indicadores foi mais frequente entre idosos com DM e/ou HAS do que em idosos sem essas doenças. Método: estudo longitudinal, com 1.197 idosos de 60-104 anos, residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, considerando como desfecho o diagnóstico autorreferido de DM e/ou HAS. Foram considerados como indicadores de consumo alimentar saudável (exposições) a manutenção e/ou aquisição de um consumo alimentar: de frutas e vegetais ≥3 e ≥2 vezes/dia, respectivamente, de gordura das carnes <2 vezes/semana, e de frituras <2 vezes/semana. Os dados foram analisados em frequências absolutas e relativas e, para a obtenção das prevalências brutas e ajustadas dos indicadores de consumo alimentar, foi empregada a Regressão de Poisson. Valores de p≤0,05 foram considerados como estatisticamente significantes. Resultados: Ao se comparar as prevalências dos indicadores de consumo alimentar saudável entre idosos com DM e/ou HAS com aqueles sem tais doenças, foi possível observar que apenas o consumo de frituras se modificou positivamente entre as ondas de 2009-2010 e 2013-2014, contudo, esse resultado só foi estatisticamente significante para as mulheres (a manutenção/aquisição de consumo infrequente de frituras (<2 vezes/semana), foi 8,2% maior entre idosas com DM e/ou HAS; p=0,043). Conclusão: as prevalências de indicadores de consumo alimentar saudável foram baixas e praticamente não diferiram entre idosos com e sem DM e/ou HAS.

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Cembranel, F., Bernardo, C. de O., Ozcariz, S. G. I., & d’Orsi, E. (2017). Impact of the diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension on healthy food consumption indicators: a longitudinal study of elderly persons. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 20(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.160081

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