HPLC Analysis and Molecular Docking Study of Myoporum serratum Seeds Extract with Its Bioactivity against Pathogenic Microorganisms and Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Natural constituents have been utilized to avoid humanity from various diseases, such as microbial infection and cancer, over several decades due to bioactive compounds. Myoporum serratum seeds extract (MSSE) was formulated via HPLC for flavonoid and phenolic analysis. Moreover, antimicrobial via well diffusion method, antioxidant via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, anticancer activities against HepG-2 cells (human hepatocellular cancer cell line), and MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line), and molecular docking of the main detected flavonoid and phenolic compounds with the cancer cells were performed. The phenolic acids, including cinnamic acid (12.75 µg/mL), salicylic acid (7.14 µg/mL), and ferulic (0.97 µg/mL), while luteolin represents the main detected flavonoid with a concentration of 10.74 µg/mL, followed by apegenin 8.87 µg/mL were identified in MSSE. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Candida albicans were inhibited by MSSE with 24.33, 26.33, 20.67, and 18.33 mm of inhibition zone, respectively. MSSE exhibited a low inhibition zone of 12.67 mm against Escherichia coli while showing no inhibitory activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. The values of MIC ranged from 26.58 to 136.33 µg/mL for all tested microorganisms. MBC/MIC index and cidal properties were attributed to MSSE for all tested microorganisms except E. coli. MSSE demonstrated anti-biofilm 81.25 and 50.45% of S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. IC50 of the antioxidant activity of MSSE was 120.11 µg/mL. HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell proliferation were inhibited with IC50 140.77 ± 3.86 µg/mL and 184.04 µg/mL, respectively. Via Molecular docking study, luteolin and cinnamic acid have inhibitory action against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells, supporting the tremendous anticancer of MSSE.