An Electrochemical Strategy for the Simultaneous Detection of Doxorubicin and Simvastatin for Their Potential Use in the Treatment of Cancer

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a disposable, simple, fast, and sensitive sensor for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of doxorubicin (DOX) and simvastatin (SMV), which could be used in preclinical studies for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations for drug delivery. Firstly, the electrochemical behavior of each molecule was analyzed regarding the influence of electrode material, electrolyte solution, and scan rate. After this, the proper electrode material, electrolyte solution, and scan rate for both active substances were chosen, and a linear sweep voltammetry procedure was optimized for simultaneous detection. Two chronoamperometry procedures were tested, one for the detection of DOX in the presence of SMV, and the other one for the detection of DOX and SMV together. Finally, calibration curves for DOX and SMV in the presence of each other were obtained using both electrochemical methods and the results were compared. The use of amperometry allowed for a better limit of detection (DOX: 0.1 µg/mL; SMV: 0.7 µg/mL) than the one obtained in voltammetry (1.5 µg/mL for both drugs). The limits of quantification using amperometry were 0.5 µg/mL for DOX (dynamic range: 0.5–65 µg/mL) and 2 µg/mL for SMV (dynamic range: 2–65 µg/mL), while using voltammetry 1 µg/mL was obtained for DOX (dynamic range: 1–100 µg/mL) and 5 µg/mL for SMV (dynamic range: 5–100 µg/mL). This detection strategy represents a promising tool for the analysis of new pharmaceutical formulations for targeted drug delivery containing both drugs, whose association was proven to bring benefits in the treatment of cancer.