Post-earthquake psychiatric manifestations in Gaziantep – Turkey: An evaluation of clinical features within the first month following the Kahramanmaraş twin earthquakes

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among earthquake survivors who sought psychiatric consultation at outpatient clinics in the aftermath of the Kahramanmaras Twin Earthquakes (Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.5). Subjects and Methods: This observational study targeted a demographic impacted by seismic events within the first month, specifically all patients who self-presented at our outpatient clinic. The primary outcome variable was the diagnosis at the time of consultation according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). Additional outcome variables explored included the frequency of re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance of internal and external reminders, experiencing phantom earthquake syndrome, hyper-vigilance, negative affectivity, hallucinations, and delusions. Results: The study involved 331 individuals, predominantly female (67.4%), with a mean age of 41.2 years. Most had 10.9 years of education and lived with families. A small proportion (1.8%) reported physical injuries from the earthquake, while 58.7% reported housing problems. The majority experienced no loss or injuries of acquaintances, friends, or relatives (80.4% and 81%, respectively). Co-morbid medical conditions were present in 14% (hypertension) and 7% (diabetes mellitus) of participants. At the consultation, 53% were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, primarily trauma and stress related, depressive, and anxiety disorders. Conclusion: The findings underscore the significant mental health impact of earthquakes and highlight the need for immediate and targeted mental health interventions in the aftermath of such events. The study also emphasises the importance of recognising and addressing the mental health needs of vulnerable groups in post-disaster settings.