Future Carbon-Neutral Societies: Minimising Construction Impact on Groundwater-Dependent Wetlands and Peatlands

Abstract

The decarbonisation of the energy sector through major renewable energy developments in rural areas is one the requirements for sustainable development and future carbon-neutral societies. However, this has resulted in increased construction on peatlands and wetlands and has led to diverse environmental impacts in the affected areas. The overall aim of this project was to review the effectiveness of standard mitigation measures used during construction to maintain the hydrological conditions within peat soils and wetland habitats. This work involved a literature review of the evidence of the impacts of construction on the habitat and groundwater in groundwater-dependent wetlands and peatlands. In addition, developers and contractors were consulted to gain feedback on what practical approaches have and have not been successful and remedial actions taken when monitoring or observation identifies ongoing issues. This research also developed regulatory-relevant recommendations. The main recommendation focuses on the central importance of collecting relevant and detailed site investigation data at an early stage of the application process to enable a full understanding of the site character and to inform a more accurate design process. This will reduce or avoid impacts on the environment, minimise risk, and produce a more informed construction strategy.