Effectiveness of a type 2 diabetes prevention program combining FINDRISC scoring and telephone-based coaching in the French population of bakery/pastry employees

Abstract

Background/objectives: Preventive actions targeting the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and deployed from the workplace are scarce. This study aimed to measure this T2D risk in a large sample of the bakery/pastry employees in France and to assess the effectiveness of a telephone coaching program in participants with the highest risk. Subjects/methods: A screening survey using the FINDRISC score was conducted by phone among the employees. Those with a moderate risk (score ≥ 12 and <15; body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) or high/very high risk (score ≥ 15) were invited to participate in a 6-month coaching program including 6 monthly interviews together with a final evaluation interview three months later. The effects and impact were evaluated using 8 questions on dietary knowledge/behavior as well as the GPAQ (physical activity) and SF-12 (quality of life) questionnaires. Results: There were 19,951 employees eligible for screening (age: 38.0 ± 13.5 years, men 49.6%, mean FINDRISC score 5.9 ± 4.4). A high/very high score was found in 4% of individuals. Overall, 1,348 (among 2,018) eligible employees agreed to participate in the coaching program, 630 of whom participated in all interviews. Of the latter, dietary knowledge/behavior (+1.60) and quality of life (+1.83) improved (P < 0.0001), with a favorable trend for physical activity (+0.06, P = 0.0756). Dietary knowledge/behavior continued to improve in the 581 completers (+0.17, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: This two-step prevention program associating T2D risk estimation and a 6-month telephone coaching was deployed in the French craft bakery/pastry sector with significant adhesion. Such program appears beneficial for enhancing knowledge and mobilizing skills associated with T2D prevention.