Blockchain-Based Secure Firmware Updates for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Web of Things Environments

Abstract

The integration of electric vehicles into modern mobility ecosystems relies heavily on reliable charging station infrastructures that support real-time communications and data-driven functionalities. Existing solutions often face security vulnerabilities in their firmware update mechanisms, compromising safety, user trust, and the broader deployment of these stations in emerging digital and connected environments. This paper aims to address these gaps by proposing a blockchain-based framework designed to provide secure, tamper-proof firmware updates for charging stations in a Web of Things environment. The approach uses decentralized ledger technologies to validate firmware integrity, authenticate update sources, and mitigate the risk of malicious or fraudulent content. In a comprehensive experimental setup, the proposed method demonstrates enhanced resilience against unauthorized firmware modifications and improved traceability of update transactions through immutable records. Results highlight a reduction in firmware compromise events, as well as improved detection and notification efficiencies in real-time networked systems. These findings suggest that integrating blockchain technology into firmware update workflows strengthens security in electric vehicle charging infrastructures. Consequently, the adoption of decentralized verification approaches can drive broader trust in connected mobility services, supporting safer and more efficient charging station networks while fostering future innovation in sustainable transport.